بررسی تاثیر مدیریت نظام های زراعی و بقایای گندم بر شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و فسفر در زراعت کلزای پاییزه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایلام ، ایران

2 استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی

4 موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور

چکیده

به منظور ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ تاثیر مدیریت بقایا و نظام‌ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زراعی ﺑﺮ شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و فسفر در زراعت کلزای پاییزه (Brassica napus)، دو آزمایش مجزا به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در شهرستان‌های رومشگان و سرابله اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل نظام‌های زراعی در سه سطح کم، متوسط و پرنهاده و مدیریت بقایای گندم در چهار سطح صفر، دو، چهار و شش تن در هکتار بود. نتایج نشان داد در مدیریت کم‌نهاده با افزایش بقایای گندم کارایی مصرف (بهره‌وری) نیتروژن و فسفر کاهش یافت، به‌طوریکه در تیمارهای چهار و شش تن بقایا در هکتار در مقایسه با تیمار بدون بقایا بهره‌وری نیتروژن به طور معنی‌داری به میزان 15 و 22 درصد و بهره‌وری فسفر به میزان 15 و 20 درصد کاهش یافت. با افزایش مدیریت نظام زراعی به سمت پرنهاده تاثیر مثبت سطوح پایین بقایا بر کارایی مصرف عناصر غذایی مشخص شد. به‌طوریکه در مدیریت پرنهاده بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و فسفر به ترتیب با 3/12 کیلوگرم دانه به ازای کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 3/30 کیلوگرم دانه به ازای کیلوگرم فسفر از تیمارهای چهار تن بقایای گندم بدست آمد. نتایج همچنین مشخص نمود که در تمامی تیمارها تاثیر کارایی جذب نیتروژن و فسفر در مقایسه با کارایی تبدیل آنها بر کارایی مصرف هر یک از این عناصر غذایی بیشتر بود. از این‌رو مدیریت نظام‌های زراعی براساس افزایش کارایی جذب هر یک از عناصر غذایی در زراعت کلزا می‌تواند نقش تعیین کننده‌ای در افزایش عملکرد داشته باشد.

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