اثر سریهای جایگزینی در کشت مخلوط ارقام ذرت و سویا بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی و نسبت برابری زمین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط ارقام ذرت و سویا، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در سال‏های 1392 و 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل ترکیب ارقام ویلیامز و سحر سویا و ارقام Ns640 و Ossk713 ذرت و همچنین چهار نسبت مختلف ذرت و سویا (صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد برای هر دو گیاه در ترکیب‏های مختلف) بودند. طبق نتایج آزمایش، تیمارهای ترکیب ارقام و نسبت دو گیاه در کشت مخلوط دارای اثر معنی‏دار بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت و سویا و نسبت برابری زمین بودند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه و زیست‌توده ذرت و سویا در کشت خالص ارقام حاصل شد و با کاهش نسبت هر کدام از گیاهان ذرت و سویا، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک کاهش یافت. به دلیل دوره رشد طولانی‌تر، رقم ذرت Ossk713 و رقم سحر سویا در بین ترکیب‏های مختلف تیماری دارای عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک بیشتری بودند. در بین ارقام سویا، رقم ویلیامز نسبت به رقم سحر میزان نیتروژن، پروتئین و فیبر خام بیشتری داشت. همچنین در هر دو سال زراعی، بیشترین میزان پروتئین نسبت به سایر تیمارها در تیمار ذرت 50-سویا 50 حاصل شد. شاخص برداشت ذرت و سویا نیز در کشت خالص بیشتر از سایر تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بود. از طرفی، بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین کل (ذرت + سویا) در شرایط کشت 25 % ذرت رقم Ns640 و 75 % سویا رقم سحر ثبت گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Anil, L., Park, J., Phipps, R.H., and Miller, F.A. 1998. Temperate intercropping of cereals for forage: a review of the potential for growth and utilization with particular reference to the UK. Grass and Forage Science, 53: 301-317.
AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th ed. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Azisi, K.K., Putnam, D.H., Vance, C.P., Russelle, M.P., and Allen, D.L. 1997. Strip intercropping and nitrogen effect on seed, oil and protein yields of canola and soybean. Agronomy Journal, 89: 23-39.
Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B.K., and Ghose, S.S. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 325-332.
Barker, S., and Dennett, M.D. 2013. Effect of density, cultivar and irrigation on spring sown monocrops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and faba beans (Vicia faba L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 51: 108-116.
Beheshti, A., and Soltanian, B. 2012. Assessment of inter-and intra- specific competition of sorghum-bean intercropping using reciprocal yield approach. Seed and Plant, 2: 1-17. (In Persian with English Summary).
Bichel A., Oelbermann M., and Echarte L. 2017. Impact of residue addition on soil nitrogen dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems. Geoderma, 304: 12-18.
Board, J. 2001. Reduced lodging for soybean in low plant population is related to light quality. Crop Science, 41: 379-384.
Carruthers, K., Prithiviraj, B., Fe, Q., Cloutier, D., Martin, R.C., and Smith, D.L. 2000. Intercropping corn with soybean, lupin and forages: yield component responses. European Journal of Agronomy, 12: 103–115.
Carter, A.M., and Tegeder, M. 2016. Increasing Nitrogen fixation and seed development in soybean requires complex adjustments of nodule nitrogen metabolism and partitioning processes. Current Biology, 26: 2044-2051.
Chen, X., Zhou, J., Wang, X., Blackmer, A.M., and Zhang, F. 2004.Optimal rates of nitrogen fertilization for a winter wheat-corn cropping system in Northern China. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35: 583-597.
Chimonyo, V.G.P., Modi, A.T., and Mabhaudhi, T. 2016. Water use and productivity of a sorghum–cowpea–bottle gourd intercrop system. Agricultural Water Management, 165: 82-96.
Chujo, H., and Daimon, H. 1984. Plant growth and fat of nitrogen in mixed cropping, intercropping and crop rotation, I. Growth acceleration of some temperate grasses in early stage of mixed cropping with red clover. Journal of Crop Science, 53: 213-221.
Ciftci, V., and Ulcer, M. 2005. Effect of mixed cropping lentil with wheat and barley at different seeding ratios. Journal of Agronomy, 4: 1-4.
Coll, L., Cerrudo, A., Rizzalli, R., Monzon, J.P., and Andrade, F.H. 2012. Capture and use of water and radiation in summer intercrops in the south-east Pampas of Argentina. Field Crops Research, 134: 105-113.
Eschie, H.A. 1992. Effect of planting density on growth and yield of irrigated maize (Zea mays) in Botina Coast regon of Oman. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 119: 165-169.
Fujita, K., Ogata, S., Matsumoto, K., Masuda, T., Ofosu-Budu, K.G., and Kuwata, K. 1990. Nitrogen transfer and dry matter production in soybean and sorghum mixed cropping system at different population densities. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 36: 233-241.
Hauggard-Nielson, H., Ambus, P., and Jenson, E.S. 2001. Interspecific competition, N use and interference with weeds in pea-barley intercropping. Field Crops Research, 70: 101-109.
Inal, A., Gunes, A., Zhang, F., and Cakmak, I. 2007. Peanut/maize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots. Plant Physiology and Biochememistry, 45: 350-356.
Jones, G.A., and Gillett, J.L. 2005. Intercropping with sunflowers to attract beneficial insects in organic agriculture. Florida Entomology, 88: 91-96.
Khodahami, G., Habibian, S.H., and Habibian, S.M. 2010. Evaluation of effect of seed different ratios on forage yield in intercropping barley (Hordeum vulgare) and mung bean (Vicia villosa). Journal of Range Management, 3: 79-89
Koocheki, A., Gholami, A., Mahdavi Damghani, A., and Tabrizi, L. 2008. Organic Field Crop Handbook. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A., Lalehgani, B., and Najibnia, S. 2008. Valuation of productivity in bean and corn intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 6: 605-614. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., and Gharaei, S. 2016. Evaluation of the effects of saffron–cumin intercropping on growth, quality and land equivalent ratio under semi-arid conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 201: 190-198.
Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A., and Yiakoulaki, M.D. 2006. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research, 99: 106-111.
Manna, M.C., and singh, M.V. 2001. Long- term effects of intercropping and biolitter recycling on soil biological activity and fertility status of subtropical soils. Bioresource Technology, 76: 143-150.
Mansoori, I. 2011. Evaluating performance of corn (Zea mays L.) / soybean [Glycine max ( L.) Merr] intercrop in different planting dates. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 3: 209-216. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mardani, F., and Balouch, H. 2015. Effect of intercropping on the yield and some quantitative and qualitative traits of fenugreek and anise. Journal of Agricultural science and sustainable production, 25: 1-16. (In Persian with English Summary).
Martin, G.M., and Alexander, W.L. 1986. Intergenotypic competition in biblends of spring wheat. Canadaian Journal of Plant Science, 66: 871-876.
Monti, M., Pellicanò, A., Santonoceto, C., Preiti, G., and Pristeri A. 2016. Yield components and nitrogen use in cereal-pea intercrops in Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 196: 379-388.
Morris, R.A., and Garrity, D.P. 1993. Resource capture and utilization in intercropping: non-nitrogen nutrients. Field Crops Research, 34: 303-317.
Muhammad, I., Rafig, M., Sultan, A., Akram, M., and Arifgoher, M. 2006. Green fodder yield andquality evolution of maize and cowpea sown alone and in combination. Journal of Agricultural Research, 44: 121-129.
Najafi, N., Mostafaei, M., Dabbagh, A., and Oustan, S. 2013. Effect of intercropping and farmyard manure on the growth, yield and protein concentration of corn, bean and bitter vetch. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 23: 99-115. (In Persian with English Summary).
Nakhzari Moghaddam, A., chaeichi, M.R., Mazaheri, D., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Majnoon Hoseini, N., and Noorinia, A.A. 2009. The effects of corn (Zea mays) and green (Vigna radiata) in intercropping on yield, LER and some quality characteristics of forage. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 40: 151-159. (In Persian with English Summary).
Nassiri Mahalati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvani, P., and Beheshti, A. 2009. Agroecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., and Jahan, M. 2010. Radiation absorption and use efficiency in relay intercropping and double cropping of winter wheat and maize. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8: 878-890. (In Persian with English Summary).
Neugschwandtner, R.W., and Kau, H.-P. 2014. Sowing ratio and N fertilization affect yield and yield components of oat and pea in intercrops. Field Crops Research, 155: 159-163.
Nyoki, D., and Ndakidemi, P.A. 2018. Rhizobium inoculation reduces P and K fertilization requirement in corn-soybean intercropping. Rhizosphere, 5: 51-56.
Pouramir, F., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., and Ghorbani, R. 2010. Assessment of sesame and chickpea yield and yield components in the replacement series intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8: 747-757. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rezends, G.D.S.P., and Ramalho, M.A. 1994. Competitive ability of maize and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars intercropped in different environments. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 123: 185-190.
Rostami, L., Mondani, F., Khuramdel, S., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2010. Effect of various corn and bean intercropping densities on weed populations. Weed Research Journal, 1: 37-50. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rotaru, V., and Sinclair, T.R. 2009. Interactive influence of phosphorus and iron on nitrogen fixation by soybean. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66: 94-99.
Shaygan, M., Mazaheri, D., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., and Peyghambari, S.A. 2008. Effect of planting date and intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) on their grain yield and weeds control. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10: 31-46. (In Persian with English Summary).
Sumarno, S., and Fehr, W.R. 1980. Inter genotypic competition between determinate and indeterminate soybean cultivars in blend and alternate rows. Crop Science, 20: 251-254.
Theunissen, J. 1997. Application of intercropping in organic agriculture. Biolgical Agriculture and Horticulture, 15: 250–259.
Tomar, T.S., Mackenzie, A.F., Mehuys, G.R., and Ali, I. 1988. Corn growth with foliar nitrogen, soil applied nitrogen, and legume intercrops. Agronomy Journal, 80: 800-807.
Tosti, G., and Guiducci, M. 2010. Durum wheat–faba bean temporary intercropping: Effects on nitrogen supply and wheat quality. European Journal of Agronomy, 33: 157-165.
Wall, G.J., Pringle, E.A., and Sheaed, R.W. 1991. Intercropping red-clover with silage corn for soil erosion control. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 71: 137-145.
Yu, Y., Stomph, T.-J., Makowski, D., and van der Werf, W. 2015. Temporal niche differentiation increases the land equivalent ratio of annual intercrops: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 184: 133-144.