تأثیر بارش‌های متغیر انتهای فصل، آبیاری تکمیلی و همزیستی میکوریزایی بر عملکرد و کیفیت (علوفه و دانه) عدس دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه-ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه-ایران.

3 دانشگاه ارومیه، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه زراعت

چکیده

پایان متغیر بارش‌های بهاره در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، عملکرد عدس را در کشت دیم تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. روش‌هایی مانند تقویت روابط میکوریزایی و آبیاری تکمیلی می‌توانند بخشی از کاهش عملکرد ناشی از کمبود آب را جبران نمایند. این آزمایش دوساله به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1393و 1394 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی آذربایجان غربی بر روی عدس رقم زیبا انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل زمان پایان بارندگی (20 اردیبهشت، 3 خرداد و 17 خرداد)، همزیستی قارچ (شاهد و قارچ گونه Glomus intraradices) و آبیاری (دیم و یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی) بودند. کیفیت علوفه (فسفر، کلسیم و پروتئین) و دانه (فسفر) عدس میکوریزایی در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی نسبت به کشت دیم بهبود یافت. در گیاهان غیرمیکوریزایی با ادامه بارش تا 17 خرداد عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط کشت دیم (10 درصد) و آبیاری تکمیلی (15 درصد) نسبت به پایان زودهنگام بارندگی (20 اردیبهشت) افزایش پیدا کرد. این افزایش عملکرد دانه برای گیاهان میکوریزایی دیم و آبیاری شده 7 درصد بود که نشاندهنده کاهش کمتر عملکرد در گیاهان میکوریزایی است. در هر دو سیستم کاشت، گیاهان میکوریزایی عملکرد علوفه بالاتری داشتند. در این ارتباط بیشترین مقدار تولید علوفه (98/1072 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در گیاهان میکوریزایی آبیاری شده، و بیشترین عملکرد دانه (96/472 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از گیاهان میکوریزایی آبیاری شده در شرایط ادامه بارندگی تا 17 خرداد به‌د‌ست آمدند. به طور کلی، آبیاری تکمیلی روند افزایشی عملکرد علوفه عدس را در هر سه شرایط قطع بارندگی نسبت به دیم بهبود بخشید.

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