تأثیر سطوح آبیاری و کودهای نانو و معمولی روی و سیلیس بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب در آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اکسیدهای معمولی و نانو روی و سیلیس در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب آفتابگردان آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند اجرا گردید. دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 100 و 200 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی روی و سیلیس در 7 سطح (اکسید روی، اکسید سیلیس، نانو اکسید روی، نانو اکسید سیلیس، اکسید روی + اکسید سیلیس، نانو اکسید روی + نانو اکسید سیلیس و شاهد یا عدم محلول‌پاشی) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با اعمال تنش کم‌آبی قطر طبق، تعداد دانه درطبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد روغن نسبت به تیمار بدون تنش به ترتیب 9/16، 5/39، 5/18، 3/50، 3/33 و 5/51 درصد کاهش یافت اما کارایی مصرف آب برای بیوماس 1 /16 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین کاربرد اکسید روی، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و کارایی‌ مصرف آب برای تولید دانه، بیوماس و عملکرد روغن را به طور معنی‌دار و به ترتیب 2/10، 9/42، 7/59، 3/70، 4/52، 7/28 و 60 درصد نسبت به تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی افزایش داد. به طور کلی بر اساس نتایج، استفاده از تیمار دور آبیاری پس از 100 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی و محلول‌پاشی با اکسید روی در زراعت آفتابگردان در شرایط این تحقیق پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

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