Effects of manure and sulfur on nutrients uptake by corn (Zea mays L.)
Allahyar
Khadem
Soil Science M.Sc Zanjan University
author
Ahmad
Golchin
Soil Science Professor, Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University
author
Esmaeil
Zaree
Soil Science PhD Student, Zanjan University
author
text
article
2014
per
In order to study the effects of different levels of cow and chicken manure and elemental sulfur (S) on availability of plant nutrients and their uptake by Corn (Zea mays L.), a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design and three replication. Experimental treatments were three levels (0, 10 and 20 ton ha-1) of cow and chicken manures, and three levels (0, 0.25% and 0.5%) of S that were applied to a calcareous soil. Soil pH and salinity, soil available phosphorous (P) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn), corn dry weight, corn uptake of micronutrients and concentrations of micronutrients in corn tissues were measured in different treatments. The results showed that the rates of applied manure had significant effects on soil properties and soil available P and micronutrients and soil salinity increased as the rates of applied manures increased. However soil pH was not affected by the rates of applied manures. The rates of applied S also had significant effects on pH and salinity of soil and plant available P and micronutrients. The soil salinity and pant available micronutrients increased but the soil pH decreased as the rates of applies S increased. The plant available P increased when the application rates of S was 0.25% but by increasing the rate of applied S to 0.5% the plant available P decreased significantly. The interactive effects of manure and S application rates were significant on corn dry weight and P uptake and these traits increased as the application rates of manures and S increased.
In general, the results showed that use of manure and S simultaneously, was more effective than the separate application of them.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
2
11
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101198_5a40251bd5257e053d22a9f7462e34d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101198
Mohammad
yaghubi
M.Sc. student of Lorestan University
author
Khosro
Azizi
Assistant Professor of Lorestan University
author
Saeid
Heydari
Scientific Staff of Lorestan University
author
Rahele
Roham
M.Sc. student of Lorestan University
author
Adel
Norouziyan
M.Sc. student of Lorestan University
author
text
article
2014
per
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different methods of magnesium sulfate application and cultivar on percentage of seed magnesium, crude protein and growth index in lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) at Khorramabad climatic condition. This experiment was carried out in a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural collage of Lorestan University in 2008. different methods of magnesium sulfate application as the first factor (control treatment, to fertilize with method soil application, foliar application, seed inoculation with fertilizer, foliar+ soil application and foliar+ seed inoculation method) and cultivar as the next factor (Gachsaran variety and Filip-92-12L variety) were applied. The results of analysis of variation (by the Microsoft of MSTAT-C) showed that days to flowering (P<0.01), was significantly affected by variety factor. The variety didn’t have any significant effect on other characteristics. Also the effect of different methods of magnesium sulfate application on days to flowering was non-significant, but percentage of seed magnesium (P<0.01), days to seed germination and percentage of seed crude protein (P<0.05) were significantly affected by different methods. Among the different method of fertilizer application, least days to flowering was obtained from fertilize with soil application method. The highest percentage of seed crude protein was obtained from foliar application. Also, the highest percentage of seed magnesium was obtained from foliar+ soil application treatment. The least days to seed germination was gotten with foliar+ seed inoculation method. Consequently, to fertilize with foliar+ soil application methods and Filip-92-12L variety was suggested to gain the high percentage of seed magnesium and crude protein.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
12
22
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101199_609f90477472cec410de5918a65da902.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101199
Effect of plant density on seed yield and its components in new red bean lines
F
Salehi
Scientific Staff of Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Center of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
author
text
article
2014
per
Adjustment of plant density is an important base on light, water and soil nutrients for increasing seed yield. To determine of plant density in new red bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), this experiment was conducted as factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Lordegan region (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) in 2004-2005. Factors were new red bean lines (BRB188, ARS-R93003 and D81083) and plant densities (14.8, 19.1, 26.6 and 44.4 plant m-2). At during the growing season, it was measured plant height, seed yield and its components. Results showed that 100-seed weight, number of seed per pod and plant height had no difference among plant densities, but number of pod per plant decreased when plant density increased. Crop yield increased when plant density increased. Lines were different at plant height, 100-seed weight, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod and seed yield. Results of two years showed ARS-R93003 and BRB188 lines were better lines and plant density should be between 26.6 and 44.4 plant m-2.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
23
28
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101200_406934dd4ac2e50dc07d23a55e0aafdf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2015.101200
Study the relationship between yield and yield components in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties.
F.
Mansour Ghanaei
M.Sc. of University of Guilan
author
H.
Samieezadeh Lahiji
Associate Professor of University of Guilan
author
B.
Rabaie
Professor of University of Guilan
author
M.
Shoaii Deilami
M.Sc. of Guilan Tobacco Research Institute
author
text
article
2014
per
This research which aims to survey the relation between tobacco leaf yield and its components is done by using 118 varieties of Tobacco in a research farm of Guilan Tobacco Research Institute. Regarding to five random selections of plants, Twenty three traits of each variety were evaluated. Correlation between dry matter of leaf yield with plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area index, upper, lower & middle internodes length, days to flowering, green matter of leaf yield, green plant weight, biomass, percentage of dry matter and harvest index was positive and significant and with leaf shape index, flowering period, length of inflorescence and percentage of root note nematode infestation was negative and significant. In Stepwise regression analysis the most effective factors on dry matter of leaf yield were particulars of green matter of leaf yield, percentage of dry matter, plant height and leaf area index. According to the results of path analysis the most direct and positive effect on dry matter of leaf yield was related to green matter of leaf yield. In path analysis between green matters of leaf yield with other studied characteristics, the particulars of the green plant weight and leaf length had the most positive direct and indirect effect on green matter of leaf yield. In factor analysis, 7 independent factors explain the variation of 80.54 percent of all data.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
29
37
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101202_86c9ba7d3d84636a6cd64348d026812a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101202
Effect of pre- and post-emergence herbicides and their combination on weed control and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
F.
Ramezan Zadeh Hojabr
M.Sc.student of Isfahan University of Technology
author
K.
Razmjoo
Associate Professor of Isfahan University of Technology
author
text
article
2014
per
In 2007, an experiment was conducted at the farm of the college of agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, in Najaf abad (Lavark), to study the effects of two pre-emergence herbicides (trifluralin and ethalfluralin) when combined with the three post-emergence herbicides setoxydim, cycloxydim and haloxyfop and the two post-emergence herbicides desmedipham and phenmedipham on weeds and the growth characteristics and yield of safflower. In this study, ten herbicide treatments (trifluralin, ethaltrifluralin, desmedipham, phenmedipham, trifluralin + setoxydim, ethaltrifluralin + setoxydim, trifluralin + cycloxydim, ethaltrifluralin + cycloxydim trifluralin + haloxyfop, ethaltrifluralin + haloxyfop) along with the un-weeded and hand weeded controls were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Desmedipham and phenmedipham (the post-emergence herbicides) significantly reduced the height, dry matter, yield and yield components of the safflower compared to the hand weeded and other herbicide treatments. Weeds compete with the safflower, especially in the early growing season, reduced yield components and yield in the un-weeded control (1028.1 kg ha-1) compared to the hand weeded control (1629.6 kg ha-1). All pre-emergence treatments increased the yield and yield components of safflower as a consequence of decreased competition with the crop. A higher safflower yield was obtained with ethaltrifluralin (1571.2 kg ha-1) and trifluralin (1547.8 kg ha-1) treatments. Thus, ethaltrifluralin and trifluralin might be recommended for weed control with no injurious effect on the safflower under conditions similar to this experiment.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
38
47
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101203_aa9173a183a569fc83b1225739f05961.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101203
Effects of various chemical and non-chemical treatments to break seed dormancy in Silybum marianum L. Gaertner
M.
Nabaee
M.Sc.student of Shahrekord University
author
P.
Roshandel
Assistant Professor of Shahrekord University
author
A.
Mohamad Khani
Professor of Shahrekord University
author
text
article
2014
per
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner) is an annual or biannual plant of the Asteraceae family. This species is important not only as a medicinal plant traditionally, but also as an endemic plant to protect vegetative and natural resources in Iran. This experiment was carried out to find the most effective treatments to break milk thistle seed dormancy and improve its cultivation in vast scales and/or restoration of its natural habitats. Experimental factors were: potassium nitrate (0.2%), hot water (70 and 90 °C for 15 min), tap water (for 24 and 48 h), pre-moist chilling (at 4°C for 5, 10 and 15 days) and sulphuric acid (75% for 5 and 15 min). The results showed that the maximum percent germination (58%) can be obtained by applying potassium nitrate for 24 h. Although, tap, hot water and pre-moist chilling treatments significantly increased the seed germination but had still lower effects in comparison to potassium nitrate to break seed dormancy (38, 30 and 27%, respectively) in milk thistle. Sulphuric acid could not break seed dormancy in this plant.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
48
54
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101204_be7ed536bbc6469aedc9356ead3551cc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101204
Study Methods of Tillage in Volume of Water and Yield for Wheat Production Method in Khuzestan
S. F.
Mosavitalab
Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research
author
J.
Habibi asl
Scientific Staff of khoozestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research
author
text
article
2014
per
Since wheat-rice cropping system is down in about 50000 hectare of khoozestan province and also necessity of optimum land and water utilization, this study was condulted during one year (2008-2009) in shawoor agricultural research station to compare different conservation tillage system with traditional system for wheat cultivation in paddy residue. Experiment conducted in randomized complete block design in three replication. The plots were tillage methods including: A) plough + disc + leveler, B) chisel + disc, C) Rotivator + disc, D) two pass of disc harrow. The evaluated factors were water progress and regress rate in soil, yield and yield component. The results showed tillage methods and residue were not of meaningful effect on yield and yield components but tillage methods were of meaningful effect soil break up, water progress and regress rate in soil. Finally tillage methods of two pass of disc harrow suggest for conservation tillage, with 4674 kg per hectare grain yield, 14% reduction in irrigation time of compared to other methods, is recommended.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
55
60
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101205_2c6abefac7f0e8c28034b3746ea6ce80.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101205
Effect of seed hydropriming and irrigation regimes on grain, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars
E.
Ashrafi
Ph.D. student of Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
J.
Razmjoo
Professor of Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2007-2008 to evaluate the effects of seed treatment and the levels of irrigation regimes on three safflower cultivars. A split plot factorial arrangement was used in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main-plot consisted of three irrigation regimes (60, 105 and 140 mm cumulative evaporation from Class A pan) and sub-plot consisted of two seed treatments (control and hydropriming) and three safflower cultivars (Kuseh, PI and IL111) which had been performed in the form of factorial experiment. Regardless of the level of soil moisture and cultivar, the grain yield was 35% more in hydropriming than control. The grain yield was more at higher level of soil moisture and in Kuseh as compared with IL111 and PI. The oil percentage was higher in hydropriming compared to control and in Kuseh than in IL111 and PI. The oil percentage was significantly affected by the level of soil moisture. The oil percentage decreased as the level of soil moisture was reduced, but the protein percentage was increased as the level of soil moisture was reduced. Showed that to obtain the optimum yield from spring planting in areas with similar condition of this study the seed hydropiming compared to the seed control and Kuseh compared to IL111 and PI cultivars seems to be superior.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
61
68
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101206_fc37c7e2b953d469de463e9a7437f6b2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101206
Effect of plant density on yield, agronomic traits in new variety sunflower
Z.
Emami bistgani
M.Sc. of Ramin Agriculture and Natural
Resources University of Khouzestan
author
S. A.
Siadat
Professor of Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan
author
A.
Bakhshandeh
Professor of Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan
author
س
Khalil Alami
Associate Professor of Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzesta
author
Gh.
Shirsmaoeli
Isfahan Center for Research of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2014
per
In order to study the effect of plant density on yield and agronomic traits on new sunflower varieties in Esfahan condition, an experiment was conducted in 2009 cropping season at Agricultural Research Institute Kabotar Abads. The experimental design was factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental treatments were at 4 levels of plant density (6,8,10 and 12 plants/m2) and Varieties (V1):Arm.Mok18-85, (V2):SIRe85-ES, (V3):Mok13-85, (V4):Kc20/83es85. The results show that plant density significantly affected all of measured traits except oil percent. The effect of variety on all traits significantly affected except stem diameter, head diameter and seed number m2. The interaction between plant density and variety had significant on leaf area index, Total dry matter, 1000 -seed weight, and seed yield. The Highest and lowest seed yield obtained from density 12 Plants/ m2 and Variety (V1):Arm.Mok18-85 (3500/52 kg/ha) and 6 plants/m2 and Variety (V2):SIRe85-ES (2258 kg/ha) respectively.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
69
75
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101207_5512b5e9362a1a4157ac342d11c28a97.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101207
Using path analysis to study the relationship between yield and other morphological characters in four lines of barley
Gh.
Mohammadynia
Scientific Staff of Islamic Azad University of Yasouj
author
A.
Nasirzadeh
Scientific Staff of Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
H.
Negahdari
Scientific Staff of Education Center of Fars Jehade Keshavarzii
author
text
article
2014
per
To determine the correlation between important traits with yield in barley through path analysis for selecting high yielding lines, three new lines of barley resistant to cold (C-81-13, C-81-11, C-81 -15), compared with Valfajr (as control) were studied. This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2008 to 2010 in Boyer Ahmad city.A number of, 450 seeds of barley lines (per square meter) were cultured. During the growing season and after harvest, 10 plants were randomly harvested and several important agronomic traits such as total number of tillers, fertile tillers, plant height, days to spike, days to maturity, number of grains per spike, spike length, awn length and 1000 seed weight were recorded. Using analysis of variance and covariance, the correlation coefficients between the traits was estimated. Path analysis was used to divide the correlation coefficient to the direct and indirect effects. Results showed that there were significant differences (5%) between grain yields of lines, indicating genetic variation among the studied genotypes. The highest heritability (58/14%), was recorded on the total number of tillers and the highest genotypic and phenotypic variation (58/28 and 29/47 respectively), was observed on the number of fertile tillers. Statistical analysis showed that the highest yield with an average yield of 6.52 and 6.49 ton/ha belonged to C-81-13 and Valfajr cultivars, respectively.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
76
83
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101208_9f42b2ff4782e9ad7d31059c4eb68662.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101208
Investigation of Planting Method and Plant Density on Some of Morphological Treats, yield and yield componenet of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.Var Saccharata) Varieties
M.
Nasrolah Alhossini
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
author
A.
Rahmani
,Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
author
S.
Khavari Khorasani
Associated professor, Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Khorasane Razavi
author
text
article
2014
per
In this study two methods of planting (one raised bed and furrow planting) and plant density (65000, 75000 and 85000 plant/ha) was evaluated on some of morphological treats, harvest index and conservable grain yield of sweet corn (Chase and KSC403su) varieties Torbat-e-Heidariyeh. The experimental design was factorial based on RCBC with 4 replications. The result of ANOVA showed significant differences between days to emergence, Anthesis, silking and Anthesis silking interval (ASI), tassel length, ear height, Leaf area index, no of grain/row and no of row, ear length, harvest index, 300 Kernel weight and also conservable grain yield of sweet corn varieties that effected by planting methods. The result has not significant Effects on Anthesis, Plant Height and number of total leaf. The result of interaction between Varites and Plant density and planting method showed that significant different on Anthesis Silking interval. The highest Antehsis silking interval was belonged to furrow planting and 85000 plant/ha. Also the highest conservable grain yield was belonged to Chase variety at 75000 plant/ha and furrow planting method with 11.9 ton/ha, while the lowest grain yield was belonged to KSC403su variety at 85000 plant/ha and raised bed planting (3.6 ton/ha). The Chase was the better in compared to KSC403su varieties because its canopy and photoperiod is shorter than KSC403su.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
84
85
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101209_35a42712403e3be03633125b9f6a8e30.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101209
Measure and decompose total factor productivity growth in varieties of rice in Iran
M.
Tahami Pour
Ph.D. student of Tehran University
author
I.
Saleh
Associate Professor of Tehran University
author
M.
Nemati
M.Sc. Student of Tehran University
author
text
article
2014
per
The purpose of this study is calculate the rate of total factor productivity (TFP) growth of rice varieties for different provinces of Iran and then breakdown it to the changes in a technology, management efficiency and scale efficiency. For this purpose we use the nonparametric method of comprehensive data analysis and Malmquist productivity index. The used data include the rice varieties production and inputs used to produce them, including labor, seed, fertilizer and pesticides obtained from the reports of production cost in Agriculture Ministry. The results show that the average total factor productivity growth in all rice producing provinces has been positive. Its value for long grain rice with high-yielding varieties (3.09%), long grain rice with high-quality (2.83 percent), short grain rice varieties (2.46 percent), medium rice grain with high-quality varieties (2.21%) and medium rice grain with high-quality varieties (2.61 percent) and so total factor productivity growth since 2000-2007 was positive and its status has improved. About long grain rice with high-yielding varieties and long grain rice with high-quality varieties apart from Golestan province and for short grain rice varieties except Mazandaran province, for all of the other provinces, productivity growth is due to changes in technology and technical efficiency have not role in productivity growth. Also about The medium rice grain with high-yielding varieties and medium rice grain with high-quality varieties productivity growth for all provinces is due to technology changing. So technological changes has been the most important reason for productivity growth in rice production for recent years. In addition this study results show that by improving the technical and management efficiency of Farmers it is possible to increase the productivity then the current situation and this is Executable by extension and teaching the proper ways of using new technologies and inputs.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
96
104
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101210_764c5e314a253171d1ea1ceabd883446.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101210
Mycorrhiza (Glomus mossea) effects on protein percent and agronomic traits of four varieties of corn in the Sistan region
H.
Mobasser
Islamic Azad University Zahedan Branch
author
A.
Mehraban
Islamic Azad University Zahedan Branch
author
S.
Kohkan
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Sistan
author
A.
Moradgholi
M.Sc. of Islamic Azad University Zahedan Branch
author
text
article
2014
per
For study the effect of arbuscularmycorrhiza fungi a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out in the summer of 1389 at the Agricultural Research Station in city of Zahak. The experiment included two factors; the first factor was inoculated Glomus mossea mycorrhiza and no-inoculated one. The second factor was in four varieties of corn: S.C. (770), Tisa, S.C. (7020) and S.C. (704). Results showed that application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on plant height, flag leaf width, number of grains per ear and plant protein had a very significant effect; and flag leaf length had a significant effect. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on the stem diameter, leaf number and 100 seed weight had no significant effect. Interactions of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and digits only 100 seed weight had a very significant effect; and plant height and percent protein had a significant effect. But the stem diameter, leaf number, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of grains per plant had no significant effect.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
105
114
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101211_8f606c2bc9511f545a80eca1efb071c8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101211
Effects of Relay Cropping Date, Plant Density and Harvest Method on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn Cv. Golden kernel
Atena
Rahmani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Young
Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
author
M.
Nasrolah Alhossini
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
author
S.
Khavari Khorasani
Assistant professor in khorasane Razavi Central research agriculture
author
text
article
2014
per
Considering importance of baby corn as a new food, this study was conducted to evaluate effect of different sowing date; planting density and harvest Methods on growth and yield of baby corn KSC403su varieties in agricultural Research Center and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province during on 2007-2008. Was considered at three levels of Sowing date (14th June, 3th July, 24th July) as main plots and planting density (65, 85 and 105 plant. ha-1) and two harvest Methods (baby corn ,sweet corn and together) as sub factor. These experiments were considered out in a factorial split plot design based on RCBD with four replications. The results showed significant differences between different sowing date for Number of Leaf/plant, Number of Leaf above ear, stem diameter, ear length, no. of ear /plant, dehusked baby corn yield. The highest dehusked baby corn yield with 3051 kg ha-1 was belonged to 24 July sowing date on harvest method baby corn. The plant density had significant effects only for stem diameter, dehusked baby corn yield and forge yield. In addition, the harvest method had significant effects on Number of Leaf above ear, no. of ear /plant, dehusked baby corn yield, Fresh forge yield and Ear and Plant Harvest index. Therefore, sowing date 14 June and with planting density (105000 plants / hac), is recommended for maximum and better standard ear marketing.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
115
122
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101212_c5d658f5a18a083f6eeaeda7d34f89f4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101212
Evaluation of symbiotic effects of different strains of Mesorhizobium cicer on drought stress tolerance of chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)
M.
Nasr Esfahani
Assistant Professor of Lorestan University
author
A.
Mostajeran
Professor of Isfahan University
author
text
article
2014
per
A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out in order to study the effect of different strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri on chickpea tolerance under drought stress. In the first step of experiment, five native cultivars of chickpea (bivanij, arman, greet, jam and hashem) were inoculated with eight native (C-15, C-22, SWRI7, SWRI9 and SWRI4) and non-native (CP-31, CP-36 and IC-59) strains of M. ciceri. Growth traits (nodule number, dry weight of nodules, shoot and root) were measured four weeks after inoculation. The results showed that symbiosis of bivanij cultivar with considered Rhizobium strains is the most effective symbiosis according to the evaluated growth indicators.
In the next stage of experiment, different strains of M. ciceri were inoculated with bivanij cultivar and drought stress was imposed by using PEG6000 (Ѱπ=-0.3) on four- week-old plants for 15 days. Results showed that growth traits such as nodule and shoot dry weight of chickpea plants inoculated with C-15 strain had lower reduction than those inoculated with other strains at stress conditions. Thus it can be concluded that the selection of effective strains could lead to the enhancement of chickpea production. Moreover, the tolerance of chickpea plants to drought stress could be enhanced by selection of effective strains.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
123
131
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101213_805a014841ec94f30e068e59fd7e782c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101213
The effect of biofertilizers on the yield and yield components of sunflower nuts in the Khoy region
B.
Choobforoush Khoei
M.Sc. of Agriculture Organization of West Azarbaijan
author
M.
Roshdi
Scientific Staff of Islamic Azad University - Branch Khoy
author
Farzad
Jalili
Scientific Staff of Islamic Azad University - Branch Khoy
author
M.
Ghaffari
, Scientific Staff of Islamic Azad University - Branch Khoy
author
text
article
2014
per
In order to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers and in order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of sunflower nuts (Helianthus annuus L.), the research was carried out with using factorial based randomized complete block design with three replications at Agriculture and Natural Resources Researches Station of Khoy in 2011. The first factor was three sunflower cultivars, which consisted of: a1 (local mass of slender), a2 (local mass of pistachio) and a3 (hybrid imported Turkish called confeta), and the second factor were four levels of biofertilizers including: b1 (control or no biofertilizers), b2 [Nitroxin consumption (containing bacteria Azospirillum and Azotobacter)], b3 [Nitragin consumption (containing bacteria Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas fluorescens)] and b4 [Biosuper consumption (containing bacteria Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis)]. According to the results, application of biological fertilizer significantly increased grain yield and agronomic traits including hundred seed weight, head diameter, stem diameter, height plant and harvest index.The grain yield (4217 kg/ha) with 25% , hundred seed weight (21.50 gr) with 19%, diameter (23.94 cm) with 8%, stem diameter (36.15 mm)with 11%, plant height (256.7 cm)with 9% increased compared control. There was significant diffrence, between cultivars in all measured traits so that the landrace pistachio had the most plant height (296.7 cm), head diameter (25.13 cm) and hundred seed weight (23.30 gr), the landrace of slender had the most grain yield (4496 kg/ha), number of grains per head (889.7 pieces) and stem diameter (40.83 mm), and confeta had the most harvest index (21.08%) and the ratio of grain to skin seed (51.94). This study showed that application of Nitragin useful role in improving the operation and performance components of sunflower nuts, and also the landrace of slender had the most grain yield.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
132
139
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101214_5f6d3896afd895a1ac87d57cd0b4d543.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101214
Effect of application of a superabsorbent polymer on physiological traits of dry land wheat cultivars
A.
Abedini
M.Sc. of Islamic Azad University- Arak branch
author
N. A.
Sajedi
Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University- Arak branch
author
text
article
2014
per
In order to study the effects of a superabsorbent polymer on yield and yield components of dry land wheat cultivars, a field experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with four replications on research field in Khomein city, during 2010-2011 cropping season. The experimental factors included three dry land cultivars called Azar2, Sardari, Rasad and four levels of superabsorbent polymer of 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg per hectare. Average length of flag leaf, relative water content, ionic leakage percentage, remobilization rate, current photosynthesis and grain yield were recorded. Results showed that the effect of superabsorbent and cultivars on average length of flag leaf, relative water content, ionic leakage percentage, remobilization rate, current photosynthesis and grain yield was significant. Maximum grain yield was 1161 kg ha-1, obtained by application of 30 kg ha-1 superabsorbent polymer and Azar2 cultivar. Minimum grain yield was 855 kg ha-1 belonged to Sardari cultivar without superabsorbent polymer. Appling super absorbent polymer from 10 to 30 kg per hectare, increased grain yield significantly.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
140
146
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101215_066c7c2f8593ccdda95c54ed832adfd9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101215
Growth and physiological responses of Zea mays L. to Cu and Ni stress
Latifeh
pourakbar
Scientific Staff of Urmia University
author
N.
Ebrahimzade
M.Sc.student of Urmia University
author
text
article
2014
per
Copper and Nickel are an essential micronutrient for plants, playing an important role in maintaining plants' natural metabolism and growth, but in excess both heavy metal are also a proven inhibitor of various physiological functions. In this study maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown in hydroponic culture were treated with 0, 50 and 100 μm CuSO4 and 0, 100 and 200 μm NiSO4 . Growth parameters and some biochemical changes were studied in roots and shoots of plants. The results showed that with increasing Cu and Ni concentration, root and shoot weight (27 to 52% in root and 24 to 62% in shoot), root and shoot length (14 to 59% in root and 9 to 46% in shoot), pigment contents (chlorophyll a 14 to 67%, chlorophyll b 32 to 79% and total carotenoids 25 to 74%), reduction of dichlorophenol indophenol (48 to 67%) were decreased in contrast to controls, while soluble sugars leakage (0/5 to 2 fold) , K+ leakage (0/25 to 30 fold) and malondealdyde as indicator lipid of peroxidation (48 to 152% in root and 54 to 190% in shoot), cell death (5 fold) and prolin content (12 to 29% in root and 9 to 107% in shoot) were increased in contrast to controls. The result showed that the maximum effects in growth parameters and some biochemical changes were observed in 200 μm Ni + 100 μm Cu. However, interaction of Cu and Ni were cooperation effects on together and was more effective compared to the others treatments
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
147
159
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101216_31cb72f2e91b4aec2ec018ec339b4932.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101216
Effects of Nitrification Inhibitor 3, 4- Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat
Sh.
Kiani
Assistant Professor of ShahreKord University
author
A. R.
Hosseinpur
Associate Professor of ShahreKord University
author
R.
Iranipour
Agricultural and Natural Resources of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari, ShahreKord
author
text
article
2014
per
Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency is considered to be one of the major problems in wheat production fields all over the world. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrification inhibitor (NI) 3, 4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Bahar during 2011 at ShahreKord University. A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design was carried out with two factors of type of N fertilizer [1- control with no added N fertilizer, 2- urea, 3- ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) and 4- ASN plus DMPP] and soil kind (10 soils with different physical and chemical properties) with three replicates. The results indicated that application of nitrification inhibitor DMPP led to significant increase (P≤0.05) of both above ground and grain dry weight as well as N agronomic and recovery efficiency of wheat in some of the studied soils compared to ASN and urea. The greatest quantity of above ground and grain dry weight (25.02 and 11.28 g pot-1, respectively) were obtained in ASN plus DMPP treatment – 7.1% and 9.2% greater than that obtained with urea. In different soils the agronomic and recovery efficiency of N in wheat above ground increased about 8.4%-27.7% and 13.4%-31.5%, respectively, in the ASN plus DMMP as compared to the urea. The results of this study suggest that the nitrification inhibitor DMPP could improve yield and N use efficiency of wheat.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
158
166
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101217_87ed491ecfe5b22a831277e1a3ef5910.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101217
Effect of Silicon and Nitrogen different quantities on morphology characteristics, yield and yield components of two varieties of wheat
E.
Asadi
M. Sc. Student of Islamic Azad University - Branch Fars
author
G. H.
Haghnia
Professor of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A.
Lakzian
Associate Professor of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M.
Maftoun
Professor of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2014
per
From the plants nutrition view point, silicon has not been recognized as an essential element but its useful effects on growth and development of many plants have been reported. In order to study the effect of application of different silicon on the yield component of wheat, an experiment was conducted in the city Torbat Heidarieh located in Razavi Khorasan province. The experiment was performed as a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement and four replications in green house condition. Experimental factors include two wheat varieties (Pishtaz and Roshan), three levels of silicon (0, 250 and 500 mg/kg) from sodium silicate source and three levels of nitrogen (250, 500 and 800 mg/kg) from Urea source. Results showed that yield components (panicle weight, weight of 1000 grain, harvest index) significantly increased when silicon was applied to the soil. investigations have shown that lodging is an important factor for yield reduction, either directly or indirectly due to the appearance of some fungal diseases and also problems encountered at harvesting. Silicon application increased the density of stem unit which may have positive effect an the resistance of plants to lodging. It was observed that silicon increased plant height in a slow manner which is important for lodging. application of different nitrogen levels in the soil improved the efficiency of silicon uptake by the plant which shows the interaction between these two elements. Treatments of 500 and 800 mg/kg silicon and nitrogen respectively increased the weight of 1000 grain and harvest index. Application these two elements respectively effect the performance of varieties of wheat yield. Treatments of 500 mg/kg silicon performance of the highest yield. Pishtaz and Roshan varieties responded differently to silicon application. Pishtaz responded better to growth characteristics and seems to have higher yield potential to Roshan variety.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
167
178
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101218_98df52fd288a7ee69b707b82c1bde17b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101218
Effect of corn waste blended with cow dung and paper on vermicompost qualities using Eisenia fetida
M.
kharrazi
M.Sc. Student of Tarbiat Modares University
author
H.
Unesi
Associate Professor of Tarbiat Modares University
author
J.
Abedini
Master of Master of Waste Management Organization of Mashhad Municipality
author
text
article
2014
per
Harvesting corn created annually a large amount of organic waste, which could be a suitable initial substrate for vermicomposting due to its high C/N ratio. The present study was aimed for recycling of corn residues and production of good quality vermicompost, after processing by Eisenia fetida. The setup of experiments was conducted with 40, 60 and 80% of corn residue, compost, cow dung and paper. The mixtures were precomposted for 30 days to improve substrate for earthwprms and then vermicomposted for 40 days. The results showed that TOC, TVS and C/N ratio was decreased in all treatments, while value of EC, TKN, TP, nitrate, heavy metals and other nutrients increased. With increasing corn residue from 40 to 80% in the substrates, the value of TKN and nitrate decreased significantly from 1.96 to 1.60% and from 1780 to 1458 mg/kg, respectively. However, comparable increase of TOC from 28.11 to 33.80%, TVS from 44.41 to 51.97%, C/N ratio from 14.42 to 21.18, TP from 3.20 to 3.80 g/kg and EC from 2.97 to 3.48 mS/cm was obtained. Results of this study revealed that bledding materials (corn residue with compost, cow dung and paper) were more suitable vermicomposting production. The mixtures with a corn residue of 80% had more positive effects on final vermicompost quality. Therefore, the reproducibility of the process and the quality of the final products make it possible to propose the use of this experimental procedure for research requiring a mass reduction of the initial composting of agricultural waste mixtures.
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
179
191
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101219_ab7c5068a6679cbd193ca381262cd1f2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101219
The effect of crop rotation on Verticillium wilt and agronomical & non agronomical characters of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
M.
Arabsalmani
Associate Professor Agriculture and Natural
Resources Research Center of Tehran
author
A.
Ghagarii
Graduate of MSc of Cotton Research Institute of Iran
author
M.
Yousefii
Graduate of MSc of Jihad e Agriculture Ministry
author
text
article
2014
per
In order to evaluate the effect of crops rotation on agronomical and non agronomical characters of cotton in Karkandeh Station in Golestan Proviences.The first and second years planted cotton and stems were cut to pieces and ploughed in soil.In the third and fourth years 15 treatments includes :soybean,barley, onion, ploughing,ploughing+100kg nitrogen,tomato,wheat,lettuce,broad bean ,green bean,green pea,sesame,sorghum,Ceolsa were planted based on randomized complete block design with four replications.The yield, boll weight, percentage of earliness, sympodial length, monopodial number, monopodial length, disease indexes of wilt and Verticillium wilt percent were measured .Population of Verticillium dahliae,in dried soil were assessed before and after treatments by using semi selective Alcohol agar medium.The results were compared using Duncan's multiple range test.The results showed that the highest yield of cotton was in "cotton + urea + cotton,"plowing + plowing+cotton,"cotton +sorghom+cotton,"rotations.The lowest yield was observed in "canola + forage barly + cotton"and Cotton + Cotton + garden cress,succession.The widest monopodial length forage was in "barly + Cotton + Cotton"and the highest of sympodial length was in "cotton+sorghom +cotton,"rotations.The highest of monopodial number,was seenin"barely+spinach+cotton"succession.The highest percentage of earliness was measured in"barely+ spinach+cotton"rotations.Percent increase in the population of Verticillium dahliae in cotton +Cotton+Cotton+Cotton+Cotton" sequence was observed from first to fifth year 52/5, 25, 5/13, 5/6 and 0,respectively.The results showed that, population ofVerticillium dahliae,were incresed after cotton in first year(35%-70%),in second year(14%-36%),third year(12%- 15%),fourth year(4% -9%) and fifth year without increase.Population of Verticillium dahlia , were increased after wheat (66.7%) , barley (68%) , Ceolsa (33.3%) , forage barly (48.5% - 54.5% ) , lettuce (25% -39%) , onion (52%) , soybean (36%) , ploughing (36%) , ploughing + 100kg nitrogen (50%) , green bean (12.5%) and sorghum(62.5%). population of Verticillium dahliae, were decresed after tomato(6.6%),and sesame(26.6%).
Applied Field Crops Research
Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi
2538-4066
27
v.
103
no.
2014
190
198
https://aj.areeo.ac.ir/article_101220_50088b12b1a616f98ff65e3cb4147164.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/aj.2014.101220